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W G Habershon M E Habershon
William Gillbee Habershon (1818-92) and Matthew Edward Habershon (1828-1900) were the sons of Matthew Habershon (1789-1852), a successful architect of Yorkshire origin in London, whose pupils they became. William, considerably the older, started his own practice in 1843 at St Neots, Cambridgeshire, where he was still working in 1845 (B 3, p430) but in 1852 he and his brother, who had probably done little on his own previously as he had only been elected ARIBA earlier the same year, took over their father's practice. The partnership, which was large and trained many architects, lasted until 1863. During this period, the brothers' own work was more remarkable for its quantity than its quality. Once on his own, Edward, as he was known, went into partnership, first with a fomer pupil Henry Spalding (1838-1910), of whom little is known save that he was a Londoner who lived in the Hampstead area, and in 1865 also with E P L Brock, who continued alone after Edward retired in 1879, as Spalding had already left. Before this Edward had lived in Speldhurst and Lee, Kent and in 1881 had moved to Charlwood Park, Surrey, calling himself a ‘gentleman’ – he spent the rest of his life in the area. William in 1863 took Alfred Robert Pite (1831/32-1911), a former pupil, as his partner and from 1870 J F Fawkner, their managing clerk. Pite retired at an early age in 1877 and William followed shortly afterwards, around 1878, though his name was kept in the practice. After this it devolved on Fawkner, who had joined by 1857 and developed a second office at Newport, Mon, of which he took charge. Among the work of the firm in Wales, for which Fawkner was probably primarily responsible, were nonconformist chapels.
Lit: BAL Biog files; Obit of W G Habershon: The Builder 61 p335
W G Habershon:
Designed: Ashhurst Wood (1886, current church - attr); Brighton and Hove, - St John, Palmeira Square (1851-54 – joint); Hastings, - St Peter Baldslow (1863 – as ‘Habershon’ – dem); Partridge Green (1890 – actually Fawkner); Scaynes Hill (1858 – joint)
Restored/rebuilt: Newhaven (1853-54 – joint); Lower Beeding (1862 and 1884 – WGH only)
M E Habershon and Brock:
Designed: Copthorne (1877-80); Ebernoe (1867); Hastings, - St Andrew (1869-70 – dem 1970); Horsham, - St Mark (1870-88 – dem)
Restored/altered: Broadwater (nd); Dallington (1864); Hastings, - St Clement, Halton (1869 – dem); - St Leonard (1869 – bombed)
G C Haddon
George Cowley Haddon (1839-85) was born in Crick, Northamptonshire and was a pupil of W L Moffat, a Scottish architect who practised in Yorkshire. By the early 1860s he was practising in Hereford as a partner in Elmslie, Franey and Haddon, who were responsible for at least one large scale housing development in the city, as well as commercial premises and several churches elsewhere in the county. Haddon left the partnership in 1866 (London Gazette, 11 May 1866), but continued to live and work in Hereford, where he was involved in the publication of Antiquarian Memorials of Hereford in 1876. In 1881 he was still living there in Bridge Street. He was then in practice as Haddon Bros with his brother Henry Rockliffe Haddon, who both lived and worked primarily at Great Malvern, where he is to be found between 1868 and 1891 at a house bearing his middle name. On his own in Hereford, G C Haddon himself thus enjoyed a considerable amount of autonomy and seems to have experienced an upsurge in his practice around 1880. His work was varied, much of it local, designing among other buildings a number of nonconformist chapels, including an Italianate Baptist one at Ross-on-Wye in 1881. However, he clearly overstretched himself for later in the same year he was declared bankrupt, with a final notice in the London Gazette on 14 February 1882. Possibly as a consequence, Henry was by 1884 working by himself (B 48 p504).
Designed: Eastbourne - St Anne, Upperton Estate (1880 – dem)
M E Hadfield
Matthew Ellison Hadfield (1812-85) came of a South Yorkshire family, whose mother’s family worked for the Dukes of Norfolk. He himself started in the office of the Duke’s estates in Sheffield, before being articled from 1831 to 1834 to a Doncaster architectural practice, Woodhead and Hurst. He then worked in the office of a London architect, Peter F Robinson, who was interested in the gothic style. Hadfield returned to Sheffield in 1836, where he started a practice and in 1838 took J G Weightman as partner. A devout Roman Catholic, Hadfield became the Duke’s architect in the area and designed many Catholic churches there. He took his former pupil George Goldie, another prolific designer of Catholic churches, as a further partner in 1850 and in 1856 a London office was opened. This displeased Weightman (not a Catholic) and he left. The move seems to have been mainly for the benefit of Goldie, who himself left in 1860, leaving Hadfield alone until he was joined by his son Charles in 1864. In addition to churches, he designed railway buildings, both stations and hotels.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Anon: Matthew Ellison Hadfield, Yorkshire Architect 117 (Nov/Dec 1987) p30
Extended: Arundel (Fitzalan Chapel) (c1864)
G J Hagger
George John Hagger (1878-1959) was born in Sutton, Surrey and though he designed St John, West Worthing in 1900, did not open a practice in the town until 1905. By 1909 it had merged with that of Gerald Cogswell, who had previously had a partner A T Cooke, but in 1923 Hagger was back in Sutton (WWA) and spent the rest of his life in that area.
Designed: Worthing - St John, West Worthing (1900-13, the latter as Cogswell and H)
Sir D Hall
Sir Douglas Bernard Hall (1866-1923) was the occupant of Burton Park and Unionist MP for the Isle of Wight. He was a great traveller, who became a baronet in 1919. As patron, his connection with the repair of Burton church was probably that of donor rather than architect, but the record is ambiguous.
Supported and possibly restored: Burton (1897)
J Hall and Sons
The firm of John Hall and Sons was established in Bristol as early as 1788 and exhibited its glass at the 1851 Great Exhibition. They also had a branch in London, where E J Prest was one of those who worked for them. The director and designer in the 1950s was F S Baldwin.
Glass: Fishbourne; Pevensey; Portslade, - St Nicholas; Warbleton
J C Hall
Joseph Compton Hall (1863-1937) was born in Cork, but his father, a civil engineer, was from Manchester and he himself was in Lancashire by 1871, where he trained under J M Taylor and Henry Medland Taylor, as well as Paley and Austin. Later he was a pupil of W White. He was in London by 1888, at first with his own practice and from about 1890 with W O Milne. In 1902 the partnership ended (BN 82 p554) and Hall reverted to independent practice. His obituary and WWA entries ignore this period, which might suggest that the parting may not have been amicable. He designed churches and large houses, as well as being an accomplished watercolourist. In 1926 he was living in Reigate, Surrey (WWA 1926) and later moved to Burwash and Litlington, where he died.
Obit: The Builder 152 p843
Restored: Ashburnham (1894 – as Milne and H); Ticehurst (1902 - as Milne and H)
T Hall
Tom Hall commenced his study of sculpture at the then Brighton Polytechnic in 1991, continuing at the Wimbledon College of Art and finishing at the Royal College of Art. He now teaches at Bournemouth Arts University College.
Sculpture: Southease
R Halls
Rowland Hawke Halls (1879-1919) was born at Roffey, but in 1901 was a surveyor’s assistant in Lewes, where he was later an architect and surveyor, with an office in Seveirg Chambers, though he lived at Seaford and designed at least one building in that area. His early death was caused by an accident.
Obit: The Builder 116 p321
Designed: South Heighton (c1904 – not executed)
Altered: Rottingdean (1909)
P Hallward
Patience Mary Hallward (1892-1981) was the daughter of R T Hallward (see immediately below). She was also an artist and trained with her father, whom she assisted, and never married. Like him she settled in Merionethshire, where she died, and she was active as far afield as Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Glass: East Wittering, - St Anne
(My thanks are due to Penny Hallward Gage for much of the above information)
R T Hallward
Reginald T Hallward (1858-1948) was born on the Isle of Wight and studied at the Slade school and the Royal College of Art. He was one of the glassmakers who worked with C Whall in Dorking, like L Davis. Both before and after his time in Dorking, he had premises in Kensington and in 1901 had moved to Shorne, Kent. He painted, designed books and wrote poetry. For a period he had his own press, before moving finally to Merionethshire.
Glass: Westmeston
M Hambling
Maggi Hambling (b1945) trained in Suffolk and subsequently at Camberwell and the Slade Schools of Art. She was initially best known as a painter, both of portraits (which were shown at the National Portrait Gallery among other places) and of the North Sea, a series that has increasingly interested her since 2002. She has also produced several striking sculptures, notably the Scallop on the beach at Aldeburgh, Suffolk in memory of Benjamin Britten and the memorial to Oscar Wilde behind St Martin in the Fields, London.
Monument: Mayfield
E J Hamilton
Edwin James Hamilton (1852-1946) was born in Islington and was by 1861 in Brighton, where his father was minister of the London Road Chapel. He was articled to Thomas Simpson of Brighton, a prominent designer of nonconformist chapels, including the memorable Seven Dials Congregational Church, alas no longer extant, which was in the romanesque style. Hamilton was in practice on his own account in 1878 (WWA 1914) and in view of his personal and professional backgrounds it is unsurprising that he too designed quite a few nonconformist places of worship. The most prominent one in Brighton was the Salvation Army Hall (1884) in Park Crescent (KD 1890). He also designed a Baptist chapel at Burgess Hill (demolished) and was probably the 'L J Hamilton' said to have designed the Congregational church there in 1881 (BE p462). WWA gives him in Brighton in 1914, but he must have retired thereafter as he does not appear in either later edition, despite his long life.
Extended: Burgess Hill, - St John (1889 - probably not carried out)
Hampden, 1st Viscount
Robert Hampden Trevor (1706-83) was the brother of Richard Trevor, Bishop of Durham, who was owner of Glynde Place, and inherited the Hampden estates in Buckinghamshire and later Glynde. As a consequence, Glynde became part of the Hampden estates, as it still is. His main career was political and diplomatic, but he was a talented amateur architect, though no building by him is known.
Designed: Glynde (nd - not carried out).
G Hanby
The identity of this man, who assisted R Wheeler with the reconstruction of Ashington church, cannot be established with certainty. The name is found quite frequently in the north, but not in the south. The only likely person in the records is George Hanby of 9 Elm Grove, Brighton (b1808/09 at Bolsover, Derbyshire, d1883 in Brighton), who in 1871 was a retired carpenter and builder.
Reconstructed: Ashington (1872 – assisted in later stages)
R Hancock
Richard Hancock is said to have been a freelance artist, who designed at least one window for Heaton, Butler and Bayne (Little etc p62). However, he is known for certain only from one signature of 1917 on a window at Holtye Common. A stained glass painter called Albert Hancock (b1841 at Bath), who appears in St John’s Wood between 1881 and 1901 may be related, though he is not recorded as having a son called Richard.
Glass: Holtye Common
E J Hansom
Edward Joseph Hansom (1842-1900) was articled to his father, Charles Hansom, brother of J A Hansom, inventor of the Hansom cab and architect of Roman Catholic churches, including what is now Arundel Cathedral. A Catholic by birth, he was educated at Downside (on which he later worked). He was briefly a partner of his father and from 1871-93 of A M Dunn of Newcastle, a pupil of his father. Most of his work is in Newcastle, including schools and the spire of the Roman Catholic cathedral. He committed suicide.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Builder 78 p548
Altered: Chichester, - St Peter-the-Great (1876 and (?)1881)
J T Hanson
John Treadway Hanson (1847/48-1908) was born in London and worked in several offices as pupil and assistant, initially in 1862 with J S Padby of Lincoln. He went into practice in 1868, but his only definite partner was John Tavener Perry from c1871 to 1873, when, from a Regent’s Park address, he became ARIBA (Proc RIBA); he also had an office in Dover, where much of his work was done. For the projected church at Lancing he collaborated with W H Romayne-Walker, but does not list it on his admission papers as FRIBA. They shared an address (5 York Buildings – actually Hanson’s) only in 1880 (KD/L) and Romayne-Walker later claimed sole credit.
Designed: South Lancing (1880 with W H Romayne-Walker – not built)
Lady C Harcourt
Lady Catherine Harcourt (1811/12-72) was the daughter of the 5th Earl of Oxford and married Lieutenant-Colonel Francis V Harcourt (retired) of Buxted Place, a son of Archbishop Vernon-Harcourt of York (d1853). A Colonel Harcourt of Buxted, a Justice of the Peace in 1871, must be a son. At High Hurstwood her initial role was that of benefactress, but she had an interest in stained glass, which involved painting at least one window at Buxted and may have extended to designing as well. It is not known how she acquired these skills.
Glass: Buxted, - St Margaret; High Hurstwood
J Hardman and Co
The business of John Hardman and Co emerged from a prosperous firm of button-makers in Handsworth, Birmingham, owned by John Hardman senior (1767-1844). The change was mainly due to his son, also John (1811-67) and followed his meeting A W N Pugin (AP), who was active in the area in the late 1830s, mainly in connection with the planned new cathedral of St Chad, to which John Hardman senior, a Roman Catholic like Pugin, was a generous benefactor. Pugin persuaded the company to diversify into ecclesiastical metalwork of various kinds, including silver plate. This cannot have been too difficult, since John junior shared many of his enthusiasms. The firm expanded into all kinds of church fittings in the 1840s with Pugin acting as chief designer. After it moved to premises away from the button-making business in 1845, it added stained glass, again at Pugin’s instigation, and this came to predominate. Pugin designed it, though this was not without problems, as he worked in Ramsgate and the windows were manufactured in Birmingham. Although its prices were high, the company was quickly successful and its work is in the Palace of Westminster and was exhibited at the Great Exhibition in 1851. Like Pugin, John Hardman wore himself out at an early age and retired to Bristol in 1857. Meanwhile, Pugin had been replaced as designer by Hardman’s nephew, J H Powell (JHP) whom he had trained and who in turn trained a new generation of craftsmen and designers. Pugin would not have liked much of the company's glass at this time, which was in a more pictorial style, leading to a break with Butterfield, for whom the firm had worked. Other architects like R C Carpenter, Sir George G Scott, G E Street and B Ferrey were among its customers and it became one of the most prolific suppliers of stained glass in the late C19 - the Index started in 1866 contained over 1800 entries by 1900, though in many cases the name of the designer is unrecorded. In the late C19 Dunstan John Powell (DP) (1861-1932), J H Powell's son, was the chief designer. By 1919 the glass-making and decorative side of the business was constituted separately, with D Taunton (DT) closely involved by 1928. He was chief designer from 1935 to 1964 and largely ran the firm for most of that time, during which it continued to be chiefly concerned with work for Roman Catholic churches. The firm still exists under the same ownership as Goddard and Gibbs, though in different premises in west Birmingham. Today, it ranges more widely among the decorative arts.
Lit: M Fisher: Hardman of Birmingham - Goldsmith and Glasspainter, 2008; DNB entry for Hardman family
Fittings: Brighton and Hove, - St Paul, lectern (JHP); Hastings – Christ Church, Blacklands, Chancel fittings and decoration (DP)
Glass: Aldwick (DT); Ardingly; Arundel (church and Fitzalan chapel); Balcombe; Brighton and Hove, - St Andrew, Church Road, Hove; - St Andrew, Waterloo Street, Hove; - St Helen, Hangleton; - St Paul (AP); - Holy Trinity, Blatchington Road, Hove; Bury; Chichester, - All Saints, Portfield; Coldwaltham; Cowfold; Crawley, - St John the Baptist; Cuckfield; Ditchling; Eartham; East Grinstead, - St Swithun; East Preston; Ferring: Findon; Hastings, - Christ Church, Blacklands; - Christ Church, London Road; - Emmanuel (DT); Hurstpierpoint; Keymer; Kingston Buci; Lowfield Heath; Nutley; Offham; Old Shoreham; Patching; Plumpton Green; Rudgwick; Salehurst; Slinfold; Staplefield (AP - gone - and later work); Steyning; Storrington; Stoughton; Terwick; Wadhurst; Wartling (DT); Washington; West Chiltington; West Lavington; West Wittering; Withyham, - St Michael; Worth
H Hardy
Heywood Hardy (1842-1933), born in Chichester, trained in Bristol since his father, a teacher of drawing, was working at Bathwick. After study in Paris, he settled at Goring, Oxfordshire and in 1870 moved to London, where he specialised in animal and sporting paintings and genre scenes. In 1891 and 1901 he also called himself a sculptor, though he continued to paint. He lived at East Preston after 1909 and is buried at Climping.
Lit: B Stewart and M Cutten: Heywood Hardy, 1987
Paintings: Climping
J Hardy
James Hardy (b c1652) originated in Northumberland, but was apprenticed in London from 1669-76 and became a leading master mason there. Around 1717 his yard was in Piccadilly, but after this time there is no further record of him, though he had a grandson of the same name.
Memorial: Horsham, - St Mary
C Hare
Cecil Greenwood Hare (1875-1932) is described in G F Bodley’s will as his secretary and received a legacy of £400. He was chief assistant to Bodley from 1906 and took over the practice, completing some of Bodley’s designs. His brief obituary in The Times describes him as Bodley’s partner, but though the name of the practice is given as Bodley and Hare from its first appearance in KD/L, this was not until 1917, so it is doubtful how far the arrangement was a formal one. At that time the address was 11 Gray's Inn Square. Most of his own church work comprised fittings, reflecting the downturn in the building of new churches after the early C20. He was partner of A V Heal (see below) from 1919 to 1924, by which time Heal (still calling himself Creed and Heal) and Bodley and Hare shared the same address at 11 Gray's Inn Square.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Times 20 July 1932
Restored: Brede (1928)
Fitting: Brighton and Hove, - St Michael, altarpiece
I Hargraves
Isaac Hargraves was a mason in Lewes, whom Gunnis (p188) found in the records only between 1792 and 1796. The memorial by him at Horsted Keynes is, however, dated 1816, so either his career was much longer than Gunnis knew or there was more than one mason of the name. He is not listed at all by Roscoe, despite his signature on the memorial at Stanmer.
Memorial: Horsted Keynes; Stanmer
G Harmer
Two candidates for the Herstmonceux builder who restored Penhurst church are listed in the 1881 census. George Harmer (1829/30-91) in that year was a monumental mason, employing 8 men, and a builder and surveyor (KD). In 1891 he was living off his own means and sufficiently respectable for the curate of the parish to be a lodger. Alternatively, his son George Edward (1852-83) was a mason in the village. Other Harmers were builders and bricklayers in the C19 in the area, notably J Harmer of Heathfield (see immediately below).
Restored: Penhurst (1881)
J Harmer
Jonathan Harmer junior (1762-1849) was the son of a stonemason and bricklayer of Heathfield. He was a radical and republican, who lived in New York from 1796 to 1800 before returning to take over his father’s business. He signs a few stone memorials, but his speciality was terracotta, made from clay thought to have been dug in Heathfield Park. In addition to conventional architectural ornament, this work included reliefs for tombstones, which are found in various East Sussex churchyards. At Wartling the relief is cast in iron. He was also a surveyor of roads.
Lit: G L Remnant: Jonathan Harmer’s Terracottas, SAC 100 (1962) pp142-48 and SAC 102 (1964) pp52-54
Memorials: Ashburnham (?); Brightling; Burwash; Chiddingly; East Grinstead (conventional); East Hoathly; Framfield; Glynde; Hailsham; Heathfield; Herstmonceux; Mayfield; Mountfield; Salehurst; Wadhurst (also conventional one); Waldron; Warbleton; Wartling (iron).
C Harris
Charles Harris (d1795) came from Gloucestershire and by 1776 he was in partnership with Richard Parker in the Strand in London and in Bath. By 1781 he appears to have been on his own. He produced a wide range of goods, including some fine monuments in the style of Robert Adam.
Memorial: Stedham
G Harrison
George Harrison was described as a surveyor, when in 1837 he carried out a reseating (now gone) of Angmering church.
Altered: Angmering
J P Harrison
James Park Harrison (1817-1902) was born in Bloomsbury and studied at Oxford and then Lincoln’s Inn. He was associated with the Oxford Movement and with John Keble; the Ecclesiological Society approved of him. By 1851, living near Dorking, he had given up architecture, preferring to call himself an annuitant and MA of Oxford. For the remainder of his life he devoted himself to archaeological and ethnographic studies of the most varied kinds. As a widower he lived in a succession of lodgings until taken in by his son, a retired naval officer, in Sydenham, where he is to be found in 1901.
Designed: Southwater (1848-50)
Restored: East Lavington (1846-47); Rudgwick (1843-47)
W H Harroway
William H Harroway (1831/32-1902), said to come from Kilburn, can be identified with a surveyor of the name who occurs in 1861 at 4 Queen Street, Marylebone and in 1881 at 33 Victoria Road, Willesden. In 1891 he had was at 9 Manchester Street there and called himself an architect. He died in central London. He joined A Salvin’s office in the 1850s and later became principal clerk. In Salvin’s last years he largely ran the practice and after his death completed his outstanding commissions.
Completed restoration: Fernhurst (1881-82)
J A Hatchard
The Rev John Alton Hatchard (1815-95) was born in Shropshire, the son of a clergyman and grandson of the founder of Hatchard's bookshop in Piccadilly. He was ordained in 1841 and after a succession of short-lived positions, including that of naval chaplain and curate of Pett, his final one was perpetual curate of St Leonards from 1854-56. In 1847 he had married a wealthy widow and was thus able to spend the rest of his life in some comfort – in 1881 he and his wife had six servants. Both before and after his withdrawal from the ordained ministry, he designed some remarkable woodwork, though it is not known how he learned his skills. The fittings at Whatlington are certainly by him and the pulpit at Slinfold (1861), attributed to the ‘Rev T A Hatchard’, who is said to be curate of St Leonards, is clearly also his work. Records show that he was the owner of several properties in the town.
Fittings: Slinfold, pulpit (as 'T A Hatchard'); Whatlington, pulpit and lectern
J Haviland
John Haviland (1792-1852) was a pupil of J Elmes, who entrusted the completion of St John, Chichester to him because of illness. He later settled in Philadelphia, USA, where he was best known for his designs for prisons, but he kept links with the architectural profession in Britain and was elected an honorary member of the RIBA in 1846 (Proc RIBA).
Completed: Chichester, - St John (c1813)
M R Hawkins
Major Rohde (or Rhode) Hawkins (1821-84) was never an officer as ‘Major’ was a name. His often misspelled second name was his mother’s maiden name (Father’s entry in DNB). He was a pupil of T Cubitt and worked in the office of E Blore, before travelling in the Middle East, studying antiquities – his father was Keeper of Antiquities at the British Museum. On return he started in practice, designing schools and churches, which were mostly small and utilitarian, though gothic in style. For 30 years from 1854 his main position was as architect to the Education Department of the Privy Council, though he continued in private practice.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Builder 47 pp752-53
Designed: Bodle Street Green (1853 – rebuilt); Fairwarp (1877-81 – subsequently enlarged)
A S Haynes
Arthur Sidney Haynes (1860-1931) was an artist rather than a carver by training, who in 1901 lived with his widowed mother in Hampstead, where he was born. Later he moved to Hindover by Alfriston, where there is a memorial window in the church. He painted landscapes in a conventional idiom, including the Sussex Downs.
Fitting: Northiam, font
G Haynes
Geoffrey Haynes is said to have been a local government employee who lived at East Blatchington when he produced a design for a new church at Peacehaven about 1952. This was disallowed by the bishop on the advice of J L Denman.
Designed: Peacehaven (c1952 - unbuilt)
J Hayward
John David Hayward (1929-2007) studied as a painter and then took up stained glass, as well as making furniture and metalwork for churches in his earlier years. After study under F H Spear and at St Martin’s School of Art, he joined Faith Craft Studios in 1951 and shared their studio at 7 Tufton Street, Westminster with F Stephens and T D Randall. Hayward also had a studio at West Hoathly from 1973-76, before moving to Kent and then Dorset, where he settled in 1989. Windows by him are in several City churches rebuilt after World War II and in at least one case he designed other fittings. He acknowledged his debt to French artists such as Seurat and Braque, as well as to icons. He worked with M Noble as a designer.
Obits: Church Times 10 Aug 2007; JSG 31 (2007) pp192-95
Glass: Balcombe; Haywards Heath, - St Richard; Singleton
A V Heal
Albert Victor Heal (1887-1972) was a pupil of G F Bodley, of C Hare (see above) and of R T Creed, whose practice in Gray's Inn he took over in 1914 after Creed's death without changing the name. This remained the case even when he went into partnership with Hare between 1919 and 1924 - in the latter year Creed and Heal were sharing an address with Bodley and Hare at 11 Gray's Inn Square (KD/L). Heal restored Parham Park in the 1920s and worked extensively for the Bank of England – his most considerable work for the Bank, the neo-Georgian New Change Buildings (finished in 1960), was demolished in 2007. Both the Sussex churches on which he worked were closely linked to the Parham estate.
Restored: Parham (1933-34); Wiggonholt (1952)
E Heasman
Ernest Heasman (1874-1927) was born in Lindfield, the son of a cobbler, where he came to the notice of C E Kempe on account of his skilled draughtmanship. He joined Kempe's studio and won a scholarship to the Slade School. He continued to work for Kempe until 1902, when he moved to work with his fellow-pupil, H W Bryans, which lasted until 1921. Under Bryans he was allowed to produce his own designs, though much of his work was signed with Bryans’s mark of the greyhound and the work of both is often hard to differentiate from that of Kempe. In his later years he lived in Harpenden and worked independently, producing both glass and some tiles. During this time he did some work for J Wippell and Co.
Glass: Streat
Heaton, Butler and Bayne Heaton and Co Heaton and Butler Butler and Bayne
Clement Heaton (1824/25-82), the son of a Methodist minister in Bradford on Avon, was in 1851 a glass painter for William Holland of Warwick. He was in London by 1853 and briefly in business alone before going into partnership with James Butler (1830-1913) in 1855, though Heaton still has a separate entry in KD/L as late as 1857. Butler may also have worked for Holland, as he came from Warwick, the son of a publican. The first address of the two was 236 Marylebone road, but around 1860 the two briefly shared premises with Clayton and Bell, an association of lasting importance, as the third member of the firm, Robert Turnill Bayne (1837-1915), who was also from Warwick and became chief designer in 1862, was an employee of theirs. Heaton pioneered the use of softer colours, but Bayne’s advent brought the firm to widespread attention. Most of the firm's earlier glass was gothic in style, but under Bayne the firm adapted to newer influences, notably that of D G Rossetti. The firm was used widely by Sir A W Blomfield, but in later years less of its output was glass for churches. Heaton’s son Clement John (1861-1940 - CJH) joined for a short time, but fell out with his partners and left in 1886, spending much of his later life in Switzerland and the USA. The firm continued until 1953 under descendants of other partners, after which most of its archives were destroyed for lack of interest. It also produced schemes of decoration and fittings, primarily reredoses.
Lit: S B M Bayne: Heaton, Butler and Bayne, Lausanne, 1986
Fittings: Brighton and Hove, - Chapel Royal, decoration; Keymer, decoration; Warbleton, reredos; Warnham, reredos; Washington, decoration (as Heaton and Butler)
Glass: Arundel; Barcombe; Bexhill, - St Barnabas; - St Peter; Bramber (attr); Brede; Brighton and Hove, - Annunciation; - St Mark (as Butler and Bayne); Burwash (attr); Buxted, - St Margaret; Chichester, - St George; Crowhurst; Easebourne; Eastbourne, - All Souls; - St Mary; - Holy Trinity; Eastergate; East Marden; Ebernoe; Egdean; Felpham; Friston; Hastings, - All Saints; - All Souls; - Christ Church, London Road; - Christ Church, Ore; - Emmanuel; St Ethelburga, St Leonards; St John, Hollington; - St Leonard, Hollington; - St Mary in the Castle; - St Mary Magdalene; - St Matthew; Heathfield; Horsham, - St Mary; Kingston Buci; Lancing, - St James (attr); Laughton; Lewes, - St Thomas; Lowfield Heath; Lyminster; Merston; New Shoreham; Ninfield; Pagham; Patcham; Petworth; Portslade by Sea, - St Andrew; Pulborough; Ringmer; Rusper; Rye; Seaford; Selsey, - St Wilfrid; Southwick; Thakeham; Tillington; Turners Hill; Warnham; West Stoke; Westbourne; Westham; Wisborough Green (attr); Worthing, - Christ Church
Also Washington (as Heaton and Butler)
Memorial: Coolhurst (CJH)
In addition, a company catalogue dated 1932, which forms the basis of S B M Bayne’s list of 1986, records further glass by the company, for which no dates or descriptions could then be found. Later research has located glass by the company in many of the churches in question which is likely to be that mentioned in 1932, though the churches concerned are listed below for the sake of completeness:
Bexhill - St Peter (probably the glass by the firm noted above); Brighton and Hove, - St Matthias; Coolhurst; Hastings, - St John, Hollington (probably the glass by the firm noted above); Pett (probably the glass by the firm noted above); Tillington (probably the glass by the firm noted above); Wisborough Green (probably the glass attributed to the firm noted above)
A O Hemming Hemming and Co
Alfred Octavius Hemming (1843-1907) was born in Bristol, the son of an army officer. He trained as an architect in Edinburgh before becoming a pupil of Clayton and Bell in 1868. By 1883 he had established his own studio in Margaret Street, London, which in 1906 moved to 2 Nottingham Terrace, Marylebone Road (KD/L). Hemming is best known as a designer of glass, but he was also a painter and produced entire decorative schemes for churches, though none in Sussex. He lived for much of his life in Hampstead, but died at Watford. The company continued as A O Hemming and Co and was still active at the same address until 1940, though no names of designers are known; thereafter it appears for one year only at 3 George Street, W1 and is not found after 1941 (ibid).
Glass: Brighton and Hove, - St Mary; East Grinstead, - St Swithun; Hartfield; Harting; Linchmere (Hemming and Co); Lowfield Heath; Worthing, - St Botolph, Heene
H Hems
Harry Hems (1842-1916) was born in Islington of Yorkshire origin and worked initially as a cutler in Sheffield, before taking up woodcarving. He worked for a while on churches in Tuscany and on return in 1866 went to Exeter to find work. There he prospered and, originally in 1881-82, built his own works, called ‘Ye Luckie Horse Shoe Studio’, which still exists as a restaurant and conference centre. He adopted the rather twee name as he ascribed his good fortune to a horseshoe (later mounted on the wall of his studio and said still to be there) that he found on first arrival in the city. He had an extensive practice as a stone and wood carver at home and abroad and both carried out the designs of others and worked to his own. He travelled and wrote extensively and was a benefactor in his adopted city. He undertook much restoration of church woodwork, especially in Devon, and in the course of this acquired a fine collection of mediaeval work, now in the Royal Albert Museum in Exeter.
Obit: Building News 110 (1916) p55
Fittings: Ardingly, pulpit; Bexhill - St Peter, screen and choir stalls; Brighton and Hove - St John, Preston, reredos; Hastings, - St Peter, Bohemia Road, reredos and screens; Lewes - St Thomas, reredos (gone?); Rye, reredos; Sompting, reredos; Worthing, - St Andrew, architectural carving and numerous fittings; - Christ Church, altar (gone)
H Hendrie
Herbert Hendrie (1887-1946) was born in Manchester and trained as a painter in London at the Slade School and the Royal College of Art. He also trained under C Whall. In the 1920s his glass was made at the Glass House, before he moved to Scotland and taught at Edinburgh College of Art. Much of his glass is in consequence to be found in Scotland.
Glass: Edburton
J P Henly
John Peckham Henly (1778/79-1861) signs himself as a surveyor in connection with his work at St Paul, Worthing, but his later career suggests that he was primarily a carpenter. In 1832 PD gives him with an address in Littlehampton as well and by 1839 (PD) he is at listed as a timber merchant of Tarrant Street, Arundel, where he was born. In 1851 he was a builder/master employing three carpenters and in 1861 called himself a builder shortly before his death in Worthing. The firm continued after his death and in the 1860s and 1870s was mainly involved in trading coal and lime. Subsequently, under Charles Henly, it became exclusively coal merchants (VCH 5(1) p70). Edward Henly, carpenter and builder of Arundel in 1840 (PD ibid) is probably connected.
Rebuilt: Loxwood (1822 - dem); Worthing, - St Paul (1819 - wrongly listed as Christ Church, Worthing)
S T Hennell
Sidney Thorn Hennell (1881-1959) was born in Wandsworth and became a pupil of E W Mountford. Until 1915 he had an office at 329, High Holborn (KD/L) and then moved to 97 Jermyn Street, London (WWA 1923). In that year there is a reference (KD/L) to a practice called Hennell and James at 19 Russell Square (KD/L), but it would appear that this refers to a different Hennell. Sidney Hennell was certainly in Bognor by 1927 (KD/S) and some of the schools, factories and houses that he designed are in West Sussex. At some point after this move, he probably became associated with the practice of Hennell, Gammens and Thatcher, which is to be found at Worthing in 1938 (ibid). The list of works in his application to become FRIBA in 1925 omits Durrington or any other church.
Designed: Brighton and Hove, - Holy Cross, Woodingdean (1941 - rebuilt); Worthing, - St Symphorian, Durrington (1914-15 – as ‘S T Kennell’ – an obvious misreading and in any case doubtful)
Repaired: Bognor Regis, - Holy Cross, North Bersted (1950-51 - probably not carried out)
My thanks to Professor Stefan Buczacki for telling me of the existence of two Hennells.
P Heskett
Philippa ('Pippa') Heskett has been a designer of stained glass since at least 1975 (the date of her earliest recorded glass), when she was living in the village of Shimpling, Suffolk.
Glass: Wivelsfield
L K Hett
Leonard Keir Hett (1887-1978) was born at Ewell, Surrey. He was articled to F W Troup and trained at the Architectural Association, before going into practice in 1911 with Carus Wilson, designing mainly cottages and larger houses. After World War I, he reappears in 1921 on his own at 34 Paternoster Row, EC4 (KD/L), but in 1923 he joined the practice of Searle and Searle of London EC4, with which he was associated for the rest of his career. He worked extensively in Sussex where, in addition to churches, he designed many houses and was for 18 years architect to Ardingly College. His ashes were buried in Ardingly churchyard.
Obit: RIBAJ 87 (June 1980) p17
Designed: Brighton and Hove, - Christ the King, South Patcham (1958); - St Andrew, Moulsecoomb (1932-34); Camber (1955-56); Findon Valley (1956); Haywards Heath, - St Richard (1937-38); Peacehaven (1954-55); Portslade, - St Peter, Fishersgate (1938)
Fitting: Ardingly, reredos (1913)
---- Hicks
The reference of 1877 at Horsham, St Mary to a 'Mr Hicks of Dorchester' may be to the Dorchester architect of that name, John Hicks (1815-69). Hicks was the son of a rector in Gloucestershire and began his career in Bristol. A church of 1831 at Horfield, on the outskirts of that city, is given to him in BE Somerset North and Bristol (p382) but as he would only have been 16 at the time, his part is likely to have been subordinate. More certainly, in 1841 he was living in Clifton, where he designed a church in 1845. By 1852 he had moved to Dorchester and within a few years he was established as a prolific church architect in Dorset, though if the attribution is correct, the work at Horsham was posthumous - he died childless so the work cannot be by another member of the family. Thomas Hardy, who was articled to him and later worked in his office, retained positive memories of his time there - as late as 1911 he recalled him in a poem 'The Abbey Mason'.
Fitting: Horsham, - St Mary, pulpit
C Hide
Charles Hide or Hyde (1809/10-76) was an architect and for 30 years Town Surveyor of Worthing; in 1871 he was also High Bailiff of the County Court. He trained as a civil engineer and is said to have been a pupil of J B Rebecca. He was senior partner in Hide and Patching, builders and auctioneers and designed houses in the town. He made plans for restoring Sompting, but after protests R C Carpenter replaced him. He was the son of E Hide (see immediately below) who was living with him in 1841 and 1851, and was also connected with Michael (KD/S 1855) and William Hide of Goring, (KPOD/S 1874), both builders. Many later members of the family followed his rather inconsistent example and spelled the name ‘Hyde’.
Restored: Broadwater (1855 (probably) and 1862-66); Sompting (1853 – unexecuted)
E Hide
Edward Hide (1771/72-1858) was a builder and surveyor of Worthing and father of Charles Hide (see immediately above). He was the first in a long line of Hides (later Hydes), builders and architects in Worthing, which continued into the 1930s. He himself was born in Broadwater, though not mentioned in the Universal British Directory of 1793, probably as he would have been too young.
Altered: Broadwater (1826); Sompting (1828); Worthing, - St Paul (1812 - probably)
J Hill
John Hill (1847/48-after 1891) was an architect of 11 York Place and 19 Prince Albert Street, Brighton in the 1870s. He designed domestic and commercial buildings in the town. In 1873 he suffered the indignity of a 40 shillings fine after a building he designed in Brighton collapsed whilst under construction (B 31 p610). After 1875 he moved to 6 York Road, Hove and was still living there in 1881, but by 1891 he had married a much younger wife and moved to Islington. The date of his death cannot be ascertained, but was before 1901, when his wife described herself as a widow.
Designed: Brighton and Hove, - St Luke Prestonville (1872-75)
G M Hills
Gordon Macdonald Hills (1826-95) was born at Pegwell Bay in Kent, but mainly raised at Lancing. He failed to get into the Marines and turned instead to architecture; after articles with a firm of Southampton architects, he worked in the offices of J Butler and from 1850 R C Carpenter. From 1854 he had his own practice, but still worked with W Slater, Carpenter’s successor. Thus, in 1861 he was closely involved in Slater’s vain efforts to shore up the tower of Chichester cathedral and later succeeded him as surveyor. He was Chichester Diocesan Surveyor (and also of London, Rochester and St Albans). His London office was at 12 John Street, Adelphi, and he lived in Redcliffe Gardens, Kensington. He restored over 70 churches throughout England, of which over 30 were in Sussex. As a restorer, he could be heavy handed. He also designed schools and vicarages and a few new churches. Colgate, the only one in Sussex, has an unusual plan.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Obits: The Builder 68 (1895) p302, RIBAJ 2 pp452-53
Designed: Colgate (1871)
Restored/reconstructed: Amberley (1864-65); Ashurst (1876-77); Birdham (1863 and 1882-83); Chichester, - St Mary Rumboldswyke (1866-67); - St Pancras (1868); - St Paul (1863 and 1884); Climping (1874-75); East Dean (E) (1881); East Lavant (1863); Felpham (1883-84); Houghton (1856-57); Lyminster (1883-84); Mid Lavant (nd - doubtful); Ovingdean (1865-67); Poling (1875); Pulborough (1858-59); Slinfold (1856 – not carried out); Steyning (1864-69); Thakeham (1893); Washington (1867); West Firle (1867); West Itchenor (1869-70); Westhampnett (1867); Wiston (1862)
J Hinchliffe
John Hinchliffe (the name also occurs without the final -e) belonged to a large family of statuaries and masons. Exact dates have not survived, but he was apprenticed to his father in 1774 (suggesting he was born around 1759/60) and last occurs around 1804.
Memorial: Tillington
J E Hinchliffe
John Ely Hinchliffe (also found without the final -e) (1777-1867) probably belonged to the large family of masons of that name (see John Hinchliffe, immediately above for a known member) and was the assistant of J Flaxman from 1805 until Flaxman's death in 1826. He completed the works Flaxman left unfinished, by which time he was already known for works in the style of his master. On his own account, he produced little work after the early 1840s.
Memorials: Udimore; Washington
N Hitch
Nathaniel Hitch (1845-1938) was a church sculptor in wood and stone, who was born at Ware, the son of a carpenter and joiner. He was apprenticed to Farmer and Brindley around 1860, before going to Somerset. He returned to London in the 1870s and was quickly successful - in 1881 he employed 9 men, with premises in Harleyford Road, Battersea, where he remained until at least 1933. Among those for whom he worked were W Burges, W D Caröe and J L Pearson. He was especially close to the last, for whom he produced carving at Truro cathedral and for the restoration of the north transept of Westminster Abbey.
Fittings: Brighton and Hove, - All Saints, Hove
HMDW Architects Limited
The initials of this practice stand for four present or fomer partners, Hanslip, Mercer, Dyson and Weedon. It was formed in 2007 after a merger between C Mercer of Chichester and Russell Hanslip Associates of Highgate, London. The former offices of Clive Mercer in the redundant church of St Mary Rumboldswyke on the edge of Chichester, are now used as one of the two offices of the practice. Among its architects are Julian Vallis (JV). It specialises in repairing and extending historic buildings and, in addition to Sussex, is responsible for churches in several parts of south east England.
Extended/altered: Brighton and Hove, - St Mark, Eastern Road (2013 - proposed); Harting; Horsham, - St Mary; Middleton (2005-07)
Restored: Brighton and Hove, - Chapel Royal (2012 - JV)
P Hoare
Prince Hoare (1711-69) was probably born in Eye, Suffolk and may have trained under P Scheemakers. His elder brother William, a portraitist and printmaker, was a future RA who secured his brother a number of commissions in and around Bath, before Prince Hoare went to Italy around 1742. He stayed there until around 1749, when he settled once more in Bath. A good marriage enabled him to be selective in the commissions he accepted for the rest of his life.
Memorial: Petworth
A J Hodgeman
Alfred James Hodgeman (1885-1964) was born and trained as an architect in Adelaide, South Australia. He worked as both an architect and a draftsman in his home city, but from 1911-13 he took part in a major polar expedition, on which he was responsible for designing the accommodation, as well as serving as artist and cartographer. He came to England with the Australian army in 1914 and served at Gallipoli. After the war he stayed in England and resumed architectural practice, designing hospitals, housing and churches; between 1924 and 1931 directories give his address as Coleman Street, London EC2. In the 1930s he moved to Worthing and retired finally to East Grinstead.
Source: www.coolantarctica.com
Designed: Stone Cross (1924)
Hodghton Glassworks
The company of this name had an address in Marylebone in 1902, when they made the windows at Pagham designed by Law and Allen. In view of the unusual spelling of the name, which is confirmed by directories, the owner may be presumed to have been Robert Hodghton (1844-1922), glass stainer of Princess Street, Edgware Road and 45 Church Street, Lisson Grove (KD/L 1884). He is always listed in KD as a stainer rather than an artist in stained glass, and is described as a lead glazier in the 1881 and 1891 censuses, though in 1901 he called himself a stained glass artist. The weight of the evidence suggests that he was essentially an artisan. He last appears alone in 1903 and though the details of his later career are not known, several generations followed him into the business of glassmaking. Thus, in 1906 his son Henry, who had quarrelled with his father, was in business with Arthur Emery Mason (1870-1957) as Mason and Hodghton of 118 Chippenham Road, London W. A further address of 474 Harrow Road, London W9 is also recorded without a date (Little etc p84), though as late as 1942 the firm was still in Chippenham Road (KD/L). Henry's son, also Henry, took over the business and trained his son, Norman, who, however, did not stay. Robert Hodghton had another son Edward (1876-1950), who in 1901 described himself as a stained glass worker, but it is not known whether he was ever a member of either his father's or his brother's firm, for at an unknown date he emigrated to the USA. The latest record of Mason and Hodghton is in 1946, when they made a window for a church in Kilburn.
Grateful thanks to Joanna Hodghton for providing much of the above information about her family
Glass: Pagham
J H Hogan
James Humphries Hogan (1883-1948) joined J Powell and Sons in 1898 and trained under C Whall and, within the firm, W Aikman and J W Brown. He followed Aikman as chief designer in 1913 and later became managing director and finally chairman. His skill in attracting US business helped to keep the company going in the 1920s and 1930s, when commissions were hard to obtain in Britain. His glass is less diffuse and more intensely coloured than that of many of his contemporaries, though his larger windows are mostly conventional in style. He became master of the Art Workers Guild in 1936. He worked closely with Sir Giles G Scott over the glazing of Liverpool cathedral. He also designed items such as tablewear.
See under J Powell and Sons for his works
E Hogwood
Edward Hogwood worked as a designer for J Powell and Sons in in the company's earlier years, but very little is known about him and few windows can be attributed to him with certainty.
For his work in Sussex see under J Powell and Sons.
J Holder
James Holder,of whom there are records from 1818-24, came from Emsworth, Hampshire, and is known from a small group of neo-classical memorials.
Memorials: Funtington; Westbourne
F Holford
Frank Holford is said to have been churchwarden of St Michael, Brighton, some time after 1893. There is a wine merchant of the name in Brighton at the time, who was a wine merchant of 23 Buckingham Place (1845-1922). He moved to London at some time after 1901 and was living off his own means in Paddington in 1911. He died at Tiverton, Devon, but the details of his will leave no doubt that he is the same man. Alternatively, there is Frank Ernest Holford (1867-1937), a pork butcher of various addresses in the town. The wine merchant seems rather more likely in view of his age, though there is no certainty. Whichever it was, he could have been related to George Holford, who was for a while a partner in what became the Brighton firm of Clayton and Black, but whose artistic talents are unknown.
Decoration: Brighton and Hove - St Michael, wall-paintings
H Holiday
Henry George Alexander Holiday (1839-1927) trained as a painter at the RA Schools and elsewhere. He was befriended by Sir E Burne-Jones, whom he was invited to follow in 1862 as designer for J Powell and Sons, though he knew little about stained glass. He was too slow and painstaking to be successful as a painter and became known as a decorative artist, encouraged by W Burges among others, whose work included mosaics and enamels. He also worked on his own account and for other manufacturers, including Lavers and Barraud and Heaton, Butler and Bayne (see this section above), but none of this is in Sussex. He visited Italy in 1867 and was influenced by Renaissance artists. He worked for Powell’s until 1891, but became increasingly vexed at what he saw as the firm’s excessively commercial outlook and set up his own workshop, taking W Glasby, Powell’s chief glass painter, with him. The workshop lasted until 1906, after which his designs were made by Lowndes and Drury – Mary Lowndes was a pupil. He was politically active, chiefly in the cause of Irish Home Rule.
Lit: D and J Hadley: Henry Holiday, 1839-1927, JSG 19 pp48-75; J Hadley: Henry Holiday – Windows and Reredoses made by James Powell and Sons 1863-1914; J Hadley: Henry Holiday – Windows etc made by Holiday’s Workshop etc; P Cormack, (ed): Henry Holiday, Waltham Forest, 1989
Glass: Battle; Hastings, - St Clement (made by Lowndes and Drury)
See under J Powell and Sons for his works for that company
A Hollaway
Anthony Lynn Hollaway (1928-2000) studied under L Lee at the Royal College of Art, where he was involved with K New in Lee’s work for Coventry cathedral. He later set up a studio in London and did much secular work before moving to Lincolnshire.
Glass: Eastbourne, - St John, Meads
D M Hollis
David Michael Hollis was a partner of The Stevens Practice of Hastings when, in 1979, he undertook repairs to Westfield church.
For his work, see under The Stevens Practice
F W Holloway
Francis William Holloway (1825/26-1906) was a builder in 1867 in Haywards Heath (Harrod’s Directory), but was described as an architect there in 1871 (KD) and 1883 (BN 19, 2 February 1883 p i). In 1881 he was living in some comfort in Cuckfield. He signed a memorial to the Council of the RIBA in 1880 about training, which suggests that, though he was never a member, the many other signatories accepted him as an architect.
Restored: Cuckfield (1871)
J Holman
John Holman (1765-1855) was a clockmaker of Lewes (Llewellyn p206) who was born at Hamsey. He was perhaps displaying his other metal-working skills when he made a brass inscription in St Anne's church, probably soon after 1808.
Brass: Lewes, - St Anne
F Holt
Frank Holt (1843-1928) was the nephew and successor of William Holland (1809-83), born a Lancastrian though his firm was in Warwick, who exhibited at the Great Exhibition in 1851. By 1881 the firm had shrunk in size and Holland was living in London, leaving Holt at Warwick. The firm became known as Holland and Holt, before taking the latter’s name only. In 1901 Holt called himself simply a decorator.
Glass: Climping
J M Hooker
John Marshall Hooker (1829-1906) had a complex and as yet imperfectly understood career.
He was probably involved in two practices in Kent, Caveler and Hooker of Tunbridge Wells and Margate, recorded in 1853-57, and Hooker and Wheeler of Brenchley, Kent (where Hooker was born and was then living), recorded between 1860-62. At this time only, he belonged to the Sussex Archaeological Society. Caveler must be William Caveler of Margate (1814/15-71), author of Select Specimens of Gothic Architecture (published in 1835 when he was 20), who contributed drawings of East Kent churches to The Builder from 1845; in 1852 he was Secretary of the Margate Pier Company. In 1855 (KD/Kent) his address is given at Margate, but Caveler and Hooker is also listed at Tunbridge Wells. Unless there were two architects in Kent with the same unusual name, it is likely that the same person was involved, with perhaps Hooker primarily responsible for the Tunbridge Wells branch. Wheeler was probably R Wheeler, whose early career is also poorly documented. In 1860 Hooker designed a school in Hertford, on his own (B 18 p144) and between 1866 and 1889 worked in London and Sevenoaks, Kent. He designed many public buildings in the North. From 1883 to 1887 his partner was Frederick Hemings (1855-94), a former assistant of R W Edis, at 5 and 7 Fenchurch Street. In 1886 John Michael Hooker of that address was declared bankrupt (BN 51 pp149 and 302) and ‘Michael’ is probably a misreading. In 1891, Hooker was at 9 Beaufort Gardens, Lewisham and in 1901, a widower, was a lodger in Deptford. However, he then moved to the USA and died in Philadelphia, probably because one of his sons was already living there.
Restored: East Grinstead, - St Swithun (1874-76)
A H Hoole
Arnold Hankinson Hoole (1846-1915) was born at Walthamstow, though in 1881 he was living at Blackheath. His offices were at several addresses around Charing Cross – in 1883 he shared one with G Maylard (sic - BA 20, 31 August 1883 p vii). Some of his churches in the developing suburbs of London are quite ambitious. He may be related to Elijah Hoole (1837-1912), who in 1871 was living in Eastbourne and later at 104 Great Russell Street, London and who designed Toynbee Hall in the East End as well as churches and chapels in London.
Extended: Egdean (1898); Fittleworth (1896)
P Hope
Polly Hope (b1934) was originally a dancer and studied painting and sculpture at the Slade School. She lives and works in Spitalfields, London and is particularly known for her works of art in fabric, some on a large scale. However, she has worked extensively in other media, including in particular paintings of dogs, and in 1984 she exhibited sculpture at the RA.
Fitting: Scaynes Hill, tapestry
H Hopper
Humphrey Hopper (1765-1844) was born in County Durham, but the earliest known event in his life was the exhibition of one of his works at the RA in 1799. This was before he commenced the study of sculpture at the RA Schools in 1801. On going into business on his own account, much of his earlier work was decorative in nature, but he also produced many monuments throughout his life.
Memorials: Donnington; Shoreham; Tillington
T Hopper
Thomas Hopper (1776-1856) was born in London and started as a surveyor, assisting his father. At the age of 18 he took over the business, as his father, in the words of Hopper’s obituary, was ‘of intemperate habits’, but came to the attention of the circle round the Prince Regent and became an architect. He designed some interiors for the Prince at Carlton House and other large mansions, using all the styles popular at the time. His failure in the many architectural competitions of the period rankled and led him to make violent criticisms of those who had greater success. He designed several gothic churches and was County Surveyor of Essex for 40 years.
Obit: The Builder 14 p481; DNB
Designed: Stansted (1812-15 – attr)
G Hornblower
George Hornblower (1858-1940) came from Liverpool, where he was a pupil of his father, Lewis Hornblower and his brother, Frederick from 1876 to 1886. In 1887 he was living in Highgate when he passed the RIBA Examination (Proc RIBA) but he returned to practise in the North West until moving finally to London in 1891, for the first two years in partnership with A H Mackmurdo, the forerunner of Art Nouveau. He was best known as a designer of country houses and by 1918 his address was 2 Devonshire Terrace W (KD/L). From 1923 to 1928 Ralph Windsor Thorp (1884-1966), a Yoekshireman, was his partner at the same address. Hornblower was also Consulting Architect to University College Hospital.
Lit: BAL Biog file
Designed: Sidley, Mission Church (unbuilt - 1908)
C Horsnaile
Christopher Horsnaile (c1658-1742), the elder of two sculptors of this name, worked with E Stanton in London from c1720, in a style that looked back to that of the late C17. As well as monuments, he worked as a mason on major buildings in London, including Westminster Abbey and the Temple church.
Memorial: Warminghurst
Horwood Brothers
The firm was founded by Edwin (1833/34-92) and his younger brothers Harry (1838-1917) and Mark (1840-1904), who were born in Mells, Somerset. Their widowed mother in 1851 was a pauper, formerly a servant, and two elder brothers were agricultural labourers, so their origins were unpromising. In 1861, the three younger brothers were still living in Mells, but already described as a glass painter, a stainer and a glazier respectively, so they had clearly learned the craft locally. The then rector of Mells had established a school of crafts and it is likely that the brothers started off there. By 1871 they had moved to Frome and established a firm known as Horwood Brothers, employing four men and a boy. Harry and Mark called themselves glass-painters and Edwin seems to have been the main designer. The firm also designed decorative schemes for walls, though none in Sussex. By 1881 the number of staff had halved and in 1891 there were none. Harry does not appear in a census after 1871 and around 1887 emigrated to Ontario, Canada, where he spent the rest of his life. After Edwin died the firm closed and Mark moved to Eastbourne, where in 1901 he called himself as a gentleman, living off his own means. Though never large, the firm was on occasion used by W Butterfield.
Glass: Warbleton
F E Howard
Frank Ernest Howard (1888-1934) was a pupil of Sir J N Comper and lived in Oxford. He specialised in church architecture, working chiefly in the gothic style, and wrote at least one book about the subject for the Batsford series. As the boom in church building and restoration was over, most of his work consisted of fittings and alterations, including stained glass. His fittings reveal the strong influence of Comper and many were made by the Wareham Guild.
Lit: BAL Biog file
Altered: Egdean (1928)
Fittings: Bognor, - St Wilfrid, reredos; Henfield, reredos
I Howgate
(Harold) Ian (Charles) Howgate (1910-89) was born in Folkestone, Kent and studied first at the Wolverhampton Municipal School of Arts and Crafts, where he qualified in 1926 and moved to further study in St Albans. At about this time he also studied at the Central School of Arts and Crafts. At St Albans he came into contact with Faith Craft for whom he commenced work in 1928, remaining until 1939. He worked there both as craftsman and designer, but after war service he joined the Marconi Company, still living in St Albans, as a draughtsman and never returned to church art. His reasons are said to have been financial. As the Stations of the Cross in Christ Church, St Leonards were not installed until c1946, Faith Craft clearly continued to use his designs, of which at least nine sets were made.
[The above information comes from the researches of Father Stephen Keeble]
Designed and carved: Hastings, - Christ Church, St Leonards, Stations of the Cross
M Howse
Melanie (known as Mel) Howse trained in architectural glass making at Swansea Institute between 1989 and 1992 and has since then worked largely in Sussex. For some years she taught at West Dean College and her studio is in Chichester. As well as large scale compositions, many of them for secular buildings, she has produced more conventional stained glass windows and also engraved work. In addition she designs other fittings and more recently she worked with enamelled glass.
Glass: Angmering; Boxgrove; Chidham; Earnley; East Lavant; Funtington; Stedham; Whatlington
Fittings: Arundel, doors; Brighton and Hove, - St Paul, doors; Seaford, font
J Howson
Joan Howson (1885-1964) studied at Liverpool and from 1913 was a pupil and later partner of C Townsend at the Glass House. She was the daughter of an archdeacon and a gifted musician, which she had studied in Paris. Both she and her partner were interested in Socialism and the women’s suffrage movement. Their studio was one of those in Deodar Road, Putney and after Caroline Townsend died in 1944, her partner continued the full name of the partnership. Particularly during this later phase of her life, she also restored mediaeval glass.
For her work, see under C Townsend.
C Hudson
Charles Hudson (1818/19-81(?)) trained originally under the eminent painter William Dyce. By 1846 he had a workshop in Pentonville (KD/L) and though in 1851 he was listed as a glass painter employing two others in Clerkenwell, his main address, as stated in KD/L, remained in Pentonville. However, he is no longer listed in KD/L as a glass stainer after 1860, reverting instead, without changing his address, to his earlier calling of artist. He remained there until 1879 when he gave an address in Busby Place, Camden Road, though by 1881, which was also his last appearance in KD/L, he was living in Hackney. He was often patronised by B Ferrey.
Glass: Funtington
Y Hudson
Yvonne Hudson (1924-85) was mainly a painter, whose extensive work included watercolours and embroidery. Born in Essex, she studied at the Slade School before marrying and settling at Earnley. She taught locally and was active in her parish church, where what is probably the only window based on her designs is a memorial to her.
Glass: Earnley
H Hughes
Henry Hughes (1822-83) initially trained as a glassmaker under Thomas Ward's first partner J H Nixon and was later an assistant of T Willement. Ward was the surviving partner of Ward and Nixon and had been working on his own for some years when Hughes rejoined him as a partner in 1857 at the firm's existing address at 67 Frith Street, Soho. It was then renamed Ward and Hughes, but from the start Hughes was listed in KD/L a second time on his own at the same address, indicating that he was still undertaking work on his own account. This situation continued until 1868, when Hughes on his own moved to 25 Green Street, Grosvenor Square (previously the address of T Willement), though the main practice continued in Frith Street. In 1881 Hughes disappears from Green Street, though Ward and Hughes continued without a change of name until his death two years later. Though never in the van of progress, Hughes brought a more accurately mediaeval style to the renamed company, thereby assuring its continued success.
For the firm's work, see Ward and Hughes
A J Humbert
Albert Jenkins Humbert (1822-77) was born in Lambeth, but the details of his training are unknown. He travelled to Italy with C Reeks and on return they set up a partnership in Hastings. Like Reeks, Humbert was involved in building houses for the Crown estate there and both moved to London around 1855/56, remaining together for about four years. Humbert remained involved with the Board of Works and lived with his father in Fitzroy Square. He came to the attention of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and worked extensively for them, including their mausoleum at Frogmore, and for the Prince of Wales at Sandringham House. He ceased practice in his final years, probably on account of excessive drinking – his address in the RIBA membership list is care of a relative and he died in the Isle of Man, where he had gone for the sake of his health.
Obit: The Builder 36 p24; DNB
Restored: Bodiam (1853)
---- Humphrey
There is little doubt that the architect so named who is said to have designed the chancel at Sayers Common in 1909 is the same as A G Humphry (see immediately below), whose name was sometimes spelled wrongly with an e.
A G Humphry A G Humphrey
Alfred Gilson Humphry's (1868-1928) names are frequently misspelled, variously as Gibson and Humphrey, but there is little doubt over the correct spelling. Born in Brighton, the son of a surgeon, he went to Haileybury and became a pupil and then assistant of G F Bodley. In 1891 he was lodging with the curate of Hoar Cross, Staffordshire, one of Bodley’s finest churches, which was then being extended. He went into independent practice in 1894 in London, though in 1901 he was living with his father in Crowborough. He had a partner, J B Carter, from 1899 to 1908 and continued alone until 1920 at 5 Staple Inn, Holborn (KD/L), where his slightly older contemporary and fellow pupil of Bodley, A H Skipworth had also worked; though there is no known link, it seems probable that they at least knew each other. Humphry's death at Rye was registered as 'Humphrey', but the probate record of his will in the same year gives the correct spelling. He is likely to be related to William Gilson Humphry (1815-86), an eminent theologian of his time who became vicar of St Martin-in-the-Fields (DNB).
Designed: Brighton and Hove, - St Agnes (1913 – possibly completion only and secularised 1977)
Altered/extended: Sayers Common (1909 as ‘Humphrey’); Withyham, - St John (1924 as ‘Alfred Gibson Humphrey’)
R C Hussey
Richard Charles Hussey (1806-87) was the son of a rector of Sandhurst, Kent. He was a pupil of an architect and surveyor named Wallen and after travel in France, became partner of Thomas Rickman, the most notable early C19 British historian of mediaeval architecture, in Birmingham from 1835-41 at a time when Rickman was impeded by ill-health and Hussey was responsible for an increasingly large amount of work, even before Rickman died in 1841. He also trained his son before moving to London in 1849. He was architect to Chester cathedral and his main area of activity was in the field of church restorations. A gifted etcher, he helped his brother A Hussey with his book on churches in Kent, Surrey and Sussex, though he was sufficiently regarded as an architect to become vice-president of the RIBA. He ceased practising around 1865, possibly on account of ill health, and in 1871 he was living in retirement at Harbledown by Canterbury, where he died. In his final years he researched extensively in Canterbury cathedral library, where several books bear his name. However, he bequeathed the main body of his papers to the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
Obits: The Builder 52 p215; Transactions of the RIBA NS v3 pp163-66
Restored: Waldron (1859-62)
G Hutchinson
Gerald P Hutchinson (1866-1951) was the son of a clergyman, who was a master at Rugby School. The son was living as a lodger in London in 1891 when he described himself as an artist, though nothing is known about his training. By this time he was working for J Powell and Sons, whom he joined in 1889 on the manufacturing side. In 1895 he joined the Art Workers Guild and in 1901, married and living at Chislehurst, he called himself more precisely an artist in stained glass. In fact he soon came to take a greater part on the managerial side and by 1920 was a director. Most of his designs for the firm date from the earlier part of his career or from the 1930s. They are not highly rated by Denis Hadley, but if the glass at Lower Beeding attributed to him is actually his work, it suggests that this is not an entirely fair assessment.
Glass: Lower Beeding (attr)
R S Hyde
Robert Singer Hyde (1845/46-1913) belonged to the Hides or Hydes of Worthing; he was baptised ‘Hide’, but preferred the alternative spelling. His father was Singer Edward Hide, statuary and mason in Worthing and Broadwater in 1855 (KD), who in 1871 had become Edward Singer Hyde. R S Hyde was pupil and later partner of E E Scott in Brighton but was back in Worthing in 1881 – in 1883 he calls himself ‘late of the firm of Scott and Hyde’ (BN 15 June p xxii). In 1902 his son, Raymond Wentworth Hyde became his partner. R S Hyde claimed St Botolph, Heene as his work rather than Scott's, and according to his obituary in Architect’s Journal also designed the spire of Holy Trinity, Worthing. He was Borough Surveyor in Worthing where he designed schools and other public buildings. He should not be confused with his relative Frederick William Hyde of Brighton and Worthing. The latter has wrongly been identified as Scott's partner, though he did work with Scott and Hyde as surveyor and architect and in 1882 with R S Hyde alone on some villas in Burgess Hill (BA 18 p444). F W Hyde was an ARIBA from 1882-86, when he was removed, possibly for non-payment of dues.
Obit: Arch J 38 (1913) p344
Designed: Brighton and Hove, - St James (1873-75 – as Scott and H – dem); - St Matthew (c1880 - as Scott and H- not built); - St Saviour (1880 as Scott and H - plans only then); South Lancing (1880 – as Scott and H – not executed); Worthing, - St Matthew (1898-1900 and 1911); - St Symphorian, Durrington (1896 and 1912 – the latter as Singer Hyde and Co) – both unexecuted)
Altered/extended: Brighton and Hove, - All Souls, Eastern Road (1879 – as Scott and H – dem); - Annunciation (1881 – as Scott and H); - Chapel Royal (nd, with Scott); - St John, Carlton Hill (1879 - as Scott and H); Eastbourne, - Christ Church (1879 – as Scott and H); Worthing, - St Botolph, Heene (1878-79 (with Scott) and 1903-05); - Christ Church (1893-94); - St Paul (1891-93); - Holy Trinity (nd – 1888 and/or 1894?)
Fitting: Sompting, reredos
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