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J B Tansley
John Beaumont Tansley (1864-1954) was a pupil of J G Gibbins and studied at Brighton School of Art. He lived in Purley, Surrey, before moving to Eastbourne and then Byfleet, Surrey. He was in practice in London, where his partner was Henry B Measures (1861/62-1940) a fellow student in Brighton and pupil and assistant of A Loader. Between 1910 and 1925 he worked for the War Office. His practice consisted mainly of banks and housing.
Lit: BAL Biog file
Designed: Jarvis Brook (1905)
Sir W Tapper
Sir Walter John Tapper (1861-1935) was born in Devon, where he first trained. Later, he joined the office of G F Bodley and T Garner and, after a period with Basil Champneys, became their chief assistant. He set up his own practice in 1900, designing simplified gothic churches of an Anglo-Catholic nature and often in brick, and country houses. He also designed church fittings, was a consultant architect to the ICBS and a member of the Art Workers Guild, as well as surveyor to Westminster Abbey and architect to York Minster and Lincoln cathedral. He was President of the RIBA and became an RA shortly before his death.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Times 23 Sept 1935
Restored/repaired: Bexhill, - St Peter (1908); Brighton and Hove, - St Bartholomew (nd); St Helen, Hangleton (1909); - St Patrick, Hove (nd); - St Stephen (1909); East Grinstead, - St Swithun (1930)
Fittings: Brighton and Hove, - St Patrick, Hove, font; - St Thomas, altars and tester
S J Tatchell
Sydney Joseph Tatchell (1877-1965) was articled to T H Watson and had a practice in London from 1905 (KD/L), designing many banks and offices. From 1920 to 1940 he was a partner of G C Wilson and was also involved with E H Bourchier, whose chief assistant had previously been C H Murray. Tatchell was Surveyor of Christ’s Hospital, Horsham, where he designed some buildings, and he also worked at Eastbourne College.
Lit: BAL Biog file
Designed (consultant): Eastbourne, - St Elisabeth (1935-38 with G C Wilson)
D B Taunton
Donald Battershill Taunton (1885-1965) was born on the edge of Birmingham and in 1901 is described as an architect's pupil. However, he must soon have changed to stained glass making, in which he trained in J Hardman and Co’s studios in the city, as well as at Birmingham College of Art. He was a partner in Hardman's by 1919 and was chief designer from 1935 to 1964. He was largely responsible for the company's London branch.
For works see under J Hardman and Co
A Taylor
Andrew P Taylor (b1950) is South African by birth and studied painting at Cardiff. He worked as a scenery painter and trained in stained glass, which he makes and designs. He was briefly at Chapel Studio and then set up a studio at Littleton Parnell, near Devizes in 1989.
Glass: Rottingdean
G Taylor
For George Taylor, see his partner J Webber.
J H Taylor
John Henry Taylor (1791/92-1867) was an architect of 22 Parliament Street, London and Queen Street in the City, who became an ARIBA in 1835. Among his work were churches and chapels, a bank and a lunatic asylum. A son, John S Taylor, in 1837 exhibited at the RA a drawing of Herstmonceux, but though an architect, is not known to have worked in Sussex. Other presumed relatives who were in the profession were Arthur Edmund Taylor, at 22 Parliament Street and Basinghall Street in 1859-60 and Herbert W Taylor, who was at 22 Parliament Street and 14 Queen Street in 1866. The latter was probably partner of John Wimble – Wimble and Taylor did much non-church work in Sussex.
Lit: BAL Biog file
Restored: Lindfield (1845-49)
J M Taylor
James Medland Taylor (1834-1909) was born in Essex and articled to his uncle, John Medland, County Surveyor of Gloucestershire. He then worked in S S Teulon’s (see below) office before going into practice in Manchester in 1860, where he was in partnership for a time with his younger brother Henry and where he remained for the rest of his life. Most of his buildings are to be found in Lancashire.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Obit: The Builder 96 pp710-11
Altered: East Hoathly (1884 (attr) and 1893)
M Taylor
(Josephine) Majella Taylor is a glass engraver. who trained at Hammersmith College of Art and lives and works in Chichester. She has written about the craft of engraving and her work is to be found in both churches and other buildings. She also engraves smaller objects.
Glass: Chichester, - St Andrew Oxmarket
Sir R Taylor
Sir Robert Taylor (1714-88) was the son of a London mason of the same name and became a pupil of Sir H Cheere. After his father died, he was found to have been bankrupt and perhaps as a consequence, for the rest of his life the son maintained a remarkable level of work. At first he was a mason and statuary, producing public sculptures and monuments, including some in Westminster Abbey. Increasingly he turned to architecture, much of it domestic, both country villas and town houses. In both cases he used his extensive city contacts, which were enhanced by his appointment as surveyor to the Bank of England. In this capacity he designed much of the bank's premises, which were to be more closely associated with Sir John Soane and were pulled down in the 1930s.
Lit: DNB
Memorial: Worth
W G Taylor
William George Taylor (1822-97) worked for and afterwards took over M O’Connor, glassmakers of 4 Berners Street, London. The firm then traded initially as O’Connor and Taylor, but by 1886, whilst still calling itself 'Late O'Connor', used only his own name. In 1902 it became Taylor and Clifton (whose identity is not known) at the same address, but the final mention, for one year only (1915), is at Mortimer Street (KD/L). Taylor was a Londoner by birth and in his later years lived in Hampstead.
For the glass done while he headed the firm, see under M O’Connor
J Teasdale
James Teasdale was a surveyor and builder who was born in Cumberland (Colvin 4th ed p1031) on the estates of the 11th Duke of Norfolk. He is sometimes described as 'junior' and he appears to have had a father of the same name. Both were trained at the Duke's expense and subsequently worked for him on the first rebuilding of Arundel Castle, for which in large measure the Duke was his own architect. Another Teasdale, John, the brother of James junior, also worked as a sculptor there, producing much of the decorative work (Roscoe p1228). Roscoe gives the dates of 1777 to c1809 for John, who had a son of the same name, also a sculptor. However, as the son was admitted to the RA Schools in 1801 (when he would have been at least 14), his father's birth date must have been well before 1777. In both cases there may be confusion about the respective parts played by father and son. There are references to James receiving a salary of £100 (a fair sum for the time) in the Duke's accounts for 1800 and there was still a surveyor of the name in Arundel in 1839 (Robson's Commercial Directory), who could be the same person, but is not in the 1841 census, though Henry Teasdale, a butcher, may be connected; more speculatively so might another James (b1799/1800), variously described as a bricklayer, a builder and a broker (b1799/1800) in Haslemere, Surrey between 1841 and 1871 (KD/Surrey). James junior is stated to have worked on Steyning church in 1831 and significantly he or his father would already have been familiar with the arcades at Steyning, which were taken as a model for some of the work at Arundel (B 6 p330).
(My thanks to Sarah Leigh for the information about James Teasdale and Arundel).
Restored: Steyning (1831)
J Ternouth
John Ternouth (1795-1849) was born the son of a stonemason at Andover and trained at the RA Schools under J Flaxman. He subsequently worked closely with Sir F Chantrey, whilst building up a reputation on his own account. He was a prolific sculptor, whose work includes public statues and reliefs, such as those at Buckingham Palace and one on Nelson’s Column, which were widely praised. From an early age he exhibited at the RA, particularly portrait busts. He also produced rather conventional monuments. He had various successive addresses in the better parts of London, including 9 Lower Belgrave Place.
Memorials: Brighton and Hove, - St Andrew, Waterloo Street, Hove
P I D Tetley
Patrick Ivor Delavel Tetley (1917-1990) appears as an architect in Brighton between 1955 and 1976. Initially he was in partnership with S Roth (SR) and together they worked on a number of churches. He then appears to have spent some years on his own at an address in West Street, Brighton, before joining R H and R W Clutton, presumably the large firm of estate agents, surveyors etc of that name. This may explain why Tetley lived for some time at East Grinstead, where Clutton's had a branch, though by 1969 he was living in Plumpton, where his main residence seems to have been; curiously, only in the directory entry for that year is he is described as Lieutenant Colonel. Tetley is known to have designed at least one house in Sussex which was featured in Country Life.
Repaired: Framfield (1976-77); Madehurst (1957 - with SR); Portslade, - St Nicholas (1957 onwards - with SR)
M B Teulon
Maurice Beveridge Teulon (1853-97) was the youngest son of S S Teulon (see immediately below), and he went to sea as a young man, though in his father’s will, drawn up in 1869, he had already been referred to as an architect and surveyor. His father at that time intended him to inherit the practice, but changed his mind after his son was involved in what his father viewed as malpractice - according to Alan Teulon, horseplay among the juniors in his father's office resulted in a cat being thrown that hit an important client of the practice. Despite this, the son was involved in a short-lived and unsuccessful attempt to perpetuate the practice, but thereafter he next appears for certain in 1887, as an architect and surveyor in Crowborough (KD), where he is known to have designed his own residence. He was still listed in 1899 with a partner, A Colpoys Wood (KD), though he had died two years earlier. The practice remained Teulon and Wood in 1902, but by 1909 was known only by Wood’s name.
Extended: Crowborough (1895)
[I am indebted to Alan Teulon for much of the above information].
S S Teulon
Samuel Sanders Teulon (1812-73) was of Huguenot ancestry (from the Cevennes) and was born in Greenwich. After the RA Schools, where in addition to the study of architecture he became a proficient draughtsman, he was a pupil of George Legg (1799-1882) and George Porter (1796-1856). Alan Teulon suggests that his initial interest in architecture may have stemmed from his father's acquaintance with J Kay. Before going into independent practice in 1838, he travelled on the continent with his life-time friend and fellow evangelical sympathiser, E Christian. His early practice concentrated on country houses, schools and parsonages, but from 1847 he became in addition a leading architect of churches, mostly evangelical in their outlook. During this phase of his career Teulon worked also for the Crown and Royal estates, the latter including projects at both Windsor and Sandringham. His evangelical sympathies did not prevent him from being a member of the Ecclesiological Society and he was in addition related to the Tractarian Wagners of Brighton (probably because one of his ancestors was involved in the hat trade, as were the Wagners), though he never worked for them. He developed a sometimes highly idiosyncratic treatment of gothic; as a consequence, he was one of the last major Victorian architects to be taken seriously in the later C20, although his interest in new materials, including structural ironwork, might have suggested otherwise. His approach to the gothic style is especially evident in his domestic works and was much criticised even in his lifetime, as were several practical aspects of his churches, notably his continued use of galleries, which flowed from his own Low Church sympathies and those of many of his clients.
Lit: M Saunders: The Churches of S S Teulon, 1982; A E Teulon: The Life and work of Samuel Sanders Teulon, Victorian Architect, 2009; DNB
Designed: Forestside (1852-56 - attr, doubtful); Hastings, - Holy Trinity (1856-59); - St James (1850 - ?unexecuted); - St John, Upper Maze Hill (1865 - destroyed - doubtful); Netherfield (1854-56); Rye Harbour (1848-50 - completed to a different plan)
Restored/extended: Angmering (1852-53); Eastbourne, - Holy Trinity (1852 - not carried out); Funtington (1858-59 - attr, wrong); Horsham, - St Mary (1860-65); Icklesham (1848-52); Staplefield (1859)
W M Teulon
William Milford Teulon (1823-1900) was the brother of S S Teulon (see immediately above). He worked mainly in the St Pancras area of London and was interested in the preservation of the City Churches, then under threat. His partner was E E Cronk, with whom he shared offices in Wimpole Street and Sevenoaks. He retired early in 1883 after an unhappy second marriage.
Lit: BAL Biog file
Rebuilt: Crowhurst (1856)
J Theakston
Joseph Theakston (1772-1842) was born in York, where he was apprenticed before moving to London and becoming an assistant to J Bacon senior (see under J Bacon junior) and subsequently to J Flaxman and E H Baily. From these he moved to the workshop of Sir F Chantrey, for whom he worked until Chantrey died. At the same time he built up his own practice, designing monuments and statues as well as architectural sculpture. The last included work for the new Buckingham Palace.
Memorials: Wartling; Wiston
C Thomas
Cecil Walter Thomas (1885-1976) trained first as a gem-cutter in his father’s business and then at the Slade and RA Schools, before taking up sculpture. He was a member and later master of the Art Workers Guild and described himself as an ‘occasional painter’. He produced several recumbent effigies like that at Boxgrove, which look back to an earlier date. Most enduring were his designs for the British coinage of George V and VI and the pre-decimal coins of Elizabeth II. He also designed coins for various countries in the Empire, as well as seals. The combination of sculpture with the craft of engraving in his work is what no doubt drew him to the Art Workers Guild.
Obit: The Times 20 Sept 1976
Memorial: Boxgrove
J A Thomas
For John Alick Thomas see under his partner R O Whitfield.
H Thompson
Harold Thompson designed glass for the Chichester Cathedral Works Organisation between 1964 and 1986, but no details about his training or other career are known.
Glass: East Lavington; Southwater
M G Thompson
Margaret Grace (Peggy) Thompson (1909-2007), though born in London, lived and later worked in the same house at Westcliffe-on-Sea, Essex from about 1921 until well into her 90s - for professional purposes she called it Cranford Studios. She trained at the Central School of Art and her interests extended to theatrical costumery; it is likely that she produced designs for the Old Vic under Lilian Baylis. In the field of stained glass she was at her most active during the years after World War II and for a period she was also chief designer for Lowndes and Drury, though given the rather diffuse structure of that company, the position may not have had the same significance as elsewhere. She should not be confused with Marguerite Douglas Thompson, who lived and worked in Sussex, notably at Eastbourne
My thanks to Tony Garrett, Peggy Thompson's executor, for most of the above information.
Glass: Hastings, - St John, Upper Maze Hill; Jevington
R Thompson
Robert Thompson (1876-1955) was the son of the village carpenter in Kilburn, North Yorkshire. He was inspired by the mediaeval woodwork in Ripon minster to set up a workshop to make furnishings, mainly for churches. His massive, unadorned style under Arts and Crafts influence is easily recognised as he used oak finished with the adze, an old tool that left a slightly uneven surface. He both designed pieces and used the designs of others. His signature was an inconspicuous carved mouse, adopted as he claimed to be as poor as a church mouse, and generations of children have searched his work for it. His workshop outlived him, continuing in the same style, and still continues.
Lit: J Thompson: Robert Thompson, the Mouseman of Kilburn, Lancaster, 1992
Fittings: Coleman’s Hatch, plaque; East Preston, pulpit (successor but attribution doubtful); Streat, lectern; Ticehurst, stalls and lectern (successor)
H Tickner
Henry Tickner (1872-1933) was born in Hawkhurst, Kent, but was living and working in Hastings as a house decorator in 1891. Although barely 16 at the time, there is every reason to believe that he worked on the decoration of St Mary in the Castle in 1888 with H Weston, who was only a year or two older. As late as 1901 he was lodging in Weston's house, describing himself as an art master.
Decorated: Hastings, - St Mary in the Castle, altar space decorations
J Tipping
For Joseph Tipping (b1861) see Shrigley and Hunt.
A E Tombleson
Alfred Edward Tombleson (1856-1948) was apprenticed to the Cambridge firm of glassmakers, F R Leach and Co. While still working for the firm, where he rose to be foreman, he encountered C E Kempe by 1868 and thereafter worked closely with him, though he only became an employee in 1890; in 1881 he gave his occupation as mosaic glazer. However, he was clearly concerned with stained glass as he shared an address in St Pancras with his 20-year old sister who was an ‘artist on glass at home’. After Kempe died in 1907, he was a director of the successor company, Kempe and Co and managed the company's glassworks until it closed in 1934. He worked closely with Kempe and much of his work is not easily to be distinguished, though where the overall design is his, his intitials can generally be found somewhere in the glass.
Glass: Denton; Horsham, - St Mary; West Grinstead
C W Tomes
Charles Warwick Tomes (1854-1928) was the son of the Borough Surveyor of Eastbourne (KD/S 1887), also Charles (1826/27-1902), and was born at Gloucester. His father was then a builder and contractor there, before moving in the 1860s to Eastbourne, where he called himself a surveyor and engineer and prospered. His son became a pupil, but by 1878 called himself an architect (KD), with his own address in Grove Road. His only known work on a church was in 1901 and his practice was still listed in 1907 (KD/S).
Altered: Eastbourne, - St Peter (1901 – dem)
M Tongue
Miss M Tongue is stated to have painted the roof decorations in the south chapel of St Barnabas, Bexhill. The style is derived from that of Raphael and the work was probably carried out soon after the aisle was added in 1939, but nothing is known of Miss Tongue, even her first name, except that she came from Arundel.
Paintings: Bexhill, - St Barnabas
W E Tower
Walter Ernest Tower (1873-1955) was a cousin, partner and successor of C E Kempe, whose business he continued until it closed in 1934. He trained as an architect under Sir A Webb, though he may not have qualified formally, and started his own practice in London around 1896, shortly before he became involved in his uncle's business. He had little to do with the stained glass making side.
Designed: Bodle Street Green (1923)
Restored etc: Chichester, - All Saints, Portfield (1915); Highbrook (1933); Petworth (1903 - with Kempe)
H B Towner
Henry Bingham Towner (1909-97) was born and raised in Uckfield where his family was long established. He first intended entering the Roman Catholic priesthood, but then decided to train as an architect and set up a practice in the town in 1938. This specialised in churches, almost all Roman Catholic, and he is said to have designed over 25 new ones, of which 14 are in Sussex and most of the others in Kent or Surrey. They are mostly in a simplified form of gothic. In his later years he took several partners and in 1973 the practice was known as Bingham Towner and Partners, with premises in Uckfield High Street (Stubbs).
Restored: Buxted, - St Margaret (1950)
C Townsend
Caroline Charlotte Townsend (1878-1944), who went into partnership with her partner and former pupil, J Howson (JH), in 1912, belonged to the group of stained glass artists based in Deodar Road, Putney, where from 1936 they were at no 66A, next door to E Woore. Both were well known for their restoration work. C Townsend was the daughter of an architect who was a pupil of G E Street and she herself studied initially at the Slade School. After deciding to take up stained glass, she became a pupil of C Whall and later worked at the Glass House. After her death, Joan Howson continued to use the full name of the partnership.
Glass: Donnington (JH); Rottingdean (CT); Rustington (both); Storrington (both)
S W Tracy S W Tracey
Samuel William Tracy or Tracey (1832/33-after 1872) was born in Lambeth and was already in practice in Ipswich and Norwich in 1854 when he sought election as ARIBA. By 1861 he was in London, lodging in Hungerford Street, Westminster with an office at Bedford Chambers, 28 Southampton Street. As well as architecture, he designed church furnishings for Cox and Co in the mid-1860s. In 1871 he emigrated to Muskoka, Ontario, Canada, where in the same year the Canadian census shows him living alone with his brother, a farmer. He last appears in the RIBA membership list in the following year and the only person in Canada of the name in the 1881 census was living at Niagara. If the same, he had not prospered, for he is described as a labourer. His name is found spelled both ways, even in RIBA membership lists, but ‘Tracy’ predominates.
Restored: Whatlington (1862 – as Tracey)
M Traherne
Margaret Traherne (1919-2006) was born with the name of Wilkes, but preferred Traherne, an old family name. She studied painting at Croydon School of Art and then glass with L Lee, M Travers (see immediately below) and J Baker. For a while, embroidery was her main activity, followed by a renewed interest in painting. Her early glass was figurative and was influenced by Georges Rouault, but her later work was largely abstract. There is some in the Chapel of Unity at Coventry cathedral and the Roman Catholic one at Liverpool. In the 1950s and 1960s she lived in Deodar Road, Putney, like many followers of C Whall, though she was too young to have had a direct link to him and her style was distinct.
Obit: JSG 30 (2006) pp267-72
Glass: Chailey, - St Peter; Shipley
M Travers
Howard Martin Otho Travers (always called Martin, 1886-1948) trained under C Whall at the Royal College of Art and also studied architecture, especially while he was articled to Sir J N Comper, whom he briefly assisted, along with Beresford Pite, before starting his own practice around 1912 with an emphasis on stained glass. However, though never registered as an architect, he designed several churches, mostly fairly modest. He was a member of the Art Workers Guild and in 1925 became chief instructor in stained glass at the Royal College of Art, where he was greatly revered despite an at times intriguing personal life. Shortly after his appointment he gave up the studio he had previously rented at Lowndes and Drury. He is best known for his stained glass, which was influenced by Comper, but designed fittings and illustrated various High Church publications. Like others who designed mostly for Anglo-Catholic churches at the time, he sought inspiration from the baroque more than the gothic.
Lit: P E Blagdon-Gamlen: Martin Travers, A Handlist of his Works, 1997; R Warrener and M Yelton: Martin Travers (1886-1948): an Appreciation, 2003
Designed: Brighton and Hove, - St Cuthman, Whitehawk (1939 – bombed)
Fittings: Bexhill, - St Peter, rood; Brighton and Hove, - Annunciation, reredos etc; - St Patrick, Hove, fittings (attr); Ticehurst, reredos; Wadhurst, triptych.
Glass: Brighton and Hove, - All Saints, Hove; Burwash; Mountfield; Northiam; Pagham (restored and reset mediaeval glass)
---- Tremaine
Only a single reference to this mid-C18 purveyor or maker of heraldic glass is known, though as the architect of St Pancras, Chichester came from London and was working for the Duke of Richmond, it is reasonable to assume Tremaine also came from there.
Glass: Chichester, - St Pancras
R Tressell
Robert Philippe Tressell (1870-1911) was born in Dublin, the illegitimate son of a police inspector. Initially he used his mother’s name of Noonan, but later became known as Tressell (also found as Tressall). He was a signwriter and house painter and in 1890 went to South Africa, where with other Irish nationalists, he formed an Irish Brigade to fight for the Boers. On return to Britain in 1901 he worked as a painter in Hastings and was active as a Socialist until he died of TB. Based on his experiences, he wrote The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists, one of the first left-wing novels in English.
Lit: DNB
Fittings: Hastings, - St Andrew, chancel decorations (mostly destroyed)
E W Tristram
Ernest William Tristram (1882-1952) was a student of W R Lethaby at the Royal College of Art. He became the leading historian and restorer of mediaeval wall-paintings of his time, producing watercolour copies, many articles and several massive studies; most of the copies he made are now in the Victoria and Albert Museum. He later taught at the College and became professor of design. Neither his conclusions nor his methods of restoration are as widely respected today. His original work is influenced by his mediaeval interests and he also designed some glass.
Lit: DNB
Fittings: Eastbourne, - St Elisabeth, paintings, carving and altar
Glass: Boxgrove; Eastbourne, - St Elisabeth (formerly)
Restored: Hardham (Paintings)
G Trollope and Sons
George Trollope and Sons were primarily building contractors, who had an address in Motcombe Street, Belgravia. They were involved in the building of the area from the 1860s and also of parts of Mayfair from the 1890s. In addition, they were decorators, furnishers and wood carvers. They merged with the equally well established firm of Colls and Sons in 1903 and the renamed Trollope and Colls became one of the largest building firms in the country until recently. Directories show that at least until 1914 they retained their secondary function of decorators and furnishers.
Fitting: Brighton and Hove, - St Martin, pulpit
F G Troup
Francis Gordon Troup (1887-1984) was the son of a Hatton Garden watchmaker and jeweller and was born and lived in his youth at Tottenham. He was articled to and then assistant of W A Forsyth and Maule and studied at the Architectural Association. From 1911 he practised in Lincoln’s Inn, London and Horsham, where Sussex Archaeological Society membership lists show him from 1922 to 1947. He married the daughter of H R Mosse, historian of Sussex church monuments and benefactor of the new church at Aldwick, which Troup designed. Troup must have served in World War I, for in 1938, exceptionally and perhaps in view of the renewed threat of war, he is described in KD as ‘Captain Troup’. He then moved to Henley-on-Thames and then Haslemere, Surrey, where his long life ended. He designed houses and churches and is not to be confused with the better known F W Troup (1859-1941).
Designed: Aldwick (1933-34); Warninglid (1935)
G Truefitt
George Truefitt (1824-1902) was a pupil of L N Cottingham and an Evangelical, who stressed the need for an original style, rather than copying earlier work – this showed itself particularly in the planning of his churches. He started his own practice around 1850 and became best known for his work as surveyor of Tufnell Park, North London, which lasted for over 20 years; he also planned other urban developments. Among the secular buildings he designed were a number of banks. In 1890 he retired to Worthing, where he died.
Obit: The Builder 83 p153; DNB
Designed: Worthing, - St George (1867-75)
Restored: Lyminster (1864)
---- Turnbull
Nothing is known of the carver of a monument of 1803 at Nuthurst beyond the fact that he gives his address by his signature as 'London'. There were masons and stone-carvers of the name there at this time, but no attribution is feasible.
Memorial: Nuthurst
P Turnerelli
Peter Turnerelli (1774-1839) was the son of a political refugee from the Papal States, who was more properly called Tognarelli. The son was born in Belfast (his mother was Irish) and after a period in Dublin came to London, where he studied at the RA Schools. Subsequently he may have visited Italy briefly but after 1802 he was back in London, where he established himself in business. He became well known for his busts, as well as monuments and frequently visited Ireland.
Memorial: Nuthurst
J Turrill
Nothing is known for certain of this architect beyond a single reference in 1928 in connection with St Mary, East Grinstead, when he is said to be from East Grinstead. However, he is likely to be John Turrill (b1864), who became partner of J S Alder in London between 1898 and 1919 when Alder died. Their address was 1 Arundel Street, Strand and Turrill continued there alone until his final appearance in a professional directory in 1935, appearing both as Alder and Turrill and under his own name alone (KD/L). For much of that time he also called himself a surveyor, but is also listed as an architect and after 1929 drops any indication of a profession. Perhaps arguing against the identification is the fact that he is not known to have any link with East Grinstead - his recorded private addresses were all in West London, where he is last recorded in 1937.
Extended: East Grinstead, - St Mary (1928)
E B Tyler Tyler-Dixon Partnership Tyler and Dixon
The origins of the practice go back to c1920, the earliest date of the series of its plans now in WSRO (Acc 11621). Eric Brian Tyler (EBT) (1903-85) is found by name in Chichester from 1938 (KD), initially on his own and later as a member of the Tyler-Dixon Parnership. The partnership, which has done much housing, including a sizeable project at Poole, Dorset, is still to be found with an address in Westgate.
Repaired: Earnley (1971); North Mundham (1961-63); Sidlesham (1963 - EBT)
W Tyler
William Tyler has not been identified for certain beyond the single reference to him at Withyham in 1869. He may be William Henry Tyler of Kensington, who exhibited in London from 1880 to 1893. Grant records a sculptor of the name who exhibited works in marble, bronze and terra cotta, largely portrait busts, between 1878 and the end of the C19 and is probably the same. However, he too is less than fully identified and the only person of the name recorded in Kensington in 1881 was a general dealer of 8 Garibaldi Mews (b1835/36).
Memorial: Withyham, - St Michael
T Tyrwhitt
Thomas Tyrwhitt (1874-1956) attended Lancing and then Oxford, before studying at the Architectural Association and becoming a pupil and then assistant of Sir A Webb. He started his own practice in London in 1901, but soon moved to Hong Kong, where he spent from 1902-04 in the practice of Denison, Ram and Gibbs, before going to Pretoria, South Africa. There he worked until 1907 in the Public Works Department, latterly as Superintending Architect - his work consisted largely of schools and post offices. On return to London he once more started in private practice at 3 Arundel Street, Strand, specialising in country houses (including two at Bolney) and cottages, though in 1919-20 he was briefly Superintending Architect, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. His best known work is the Indian Memorial Gateway outside the Royal Pavilion in Brighton, for which he won the competition (WWA 1923). He died in the Canary Islands.
Lit: BAL Biog file; Obits: The Builder 191 p322; RIBAJ 65 (1958) p212
Designed: Haywards Heath, - Presentation (1897)
Altered: Bolney (post-1907)
H J Underwood
Henry Jones Underwood (1804-52) came from Bristol, but trained under H H Seward in London, where he also attended the RA Schools. He worked subsequently in the office of Sir R Smirke and later moved to Oxford. He designed a number of churches in the area, in both the classical and gothic styles, of which the best known is Littlemore church, Oxfordshire (1841) for John Henry Newman, which became the model for many small C19 churches. He lived at 18 Beaumont Street, Oxford and committed suicide at Bath.
Designed: Lower Beeding (1838-40 - rebuilt)
J Underwood and Sons
John Underwood and Sons were a firm of stonecarvers, known for certain only from a single reference in connection with the reredos at Polegate in 1885. The firm of John Underwood and Sons Ltd, described as statuaries and monumental masons of 27 Baker Street, seems likely to be the same, though they do not appear in KD/L until 1903. Between 1930 and 1937 they were only to be found at what had previously been a second address in Boundary Road, St John's Wood with a further presence at Buckhurst Hill, Essex and Golders Green. However, they are presumably the same as the company of John Underwood, monumental masons of Knox Street, Paddington, who appear in KD/L for 1941-42. Their interests ranged more widely than might at first appear, for they also supplied stained glass, which the firm probably bought from outside suppliers.
Fitting: Polegate, reredos
Glass: Hastings, - St Matthew, Silverhill
P M Vangelder
Peter Matthias Vangelder (c1742-1809) was born in Amsterdam and first appears in London when he was accepted for the RA Schools in 1769. At the same time he commenced work in the workshop of T Carter junior, where he was particularly esteemed for his carving of foliage. Before he left Carter, Vangelder had set up his own workshop where, among other works, he carved several monuments designed by Robert Adam. He also became a mason, building numerous houses in newly developed areas of London such as Bedford Square.
Memorial: Worthing, - St Mary, Broadwater
W Vennall
A statuary of Hastings, who signs one monument dated 1826. Another of 1823 may be given to him also, but the only stonemason in Hastings of the name during this period is Henry Vennall, who is to be found in PD 1839 but not before. If not the same, he is likely to be connected.
Memorial: Hastings, - All Saints
G C Vernon-Inkpen
George Charles Vernon-Inkpen (1857-1926) was born at Bethnal Green, the son of a carpenter, and had a practice in London in 1879, but in 1881 he was lodging in Oving, probably because his practice from 1882 to 1890 was at The Cross, Chichester (KD). In 1887 the practice of Inkpen and Stallard (Stallard is unknown and the only recorded work of the practice was in the Old Kent Road, London) appears in Southsea and Havant and in 1891 Inkpen was living in Southsea. In 1893-94 with a partner called Swinburne he had addresses in Midhurst and Bognor. Swinburne has also not been identified for sure, but Frank Swinburne (b1863), architect and surveyor of West Street, Emsworth, who was also surveyor to Warblington Urban District Council (KD/Hampshire 1898), seems a likely candidate. He was a Londoner by birth, but later lived with his parents in the town; in 1891 all three of them were supported by their own means. By 1895 (KD/Hampshire) Vernon-Inkpen (his use of the hyphenated form does not appear earlier) was alone at 6 Kings Road, Southsea and in that year his status was sufficient to be elected a Borough Councillor, which he remained in 1899. During this time he moved, for in 1898 he was living, still on his own, at 75 Kings Road (ibid), though in 1901 he was at Idsworth, near Petersfield. Between 1914 and 1926, when his business address was 40 Commercial Road, Southsea (WWA), he was also without a partner, yet a year after his death, there was a branch of Inkpen and Rogers (who must have been the last of his elusive partners, if only briefly) in South Street, Chichester (KD). Inkpen designed schools, and domestic, commercial and industrial work, mostly in the Portsmouth area or Dorset. In KD 1898 he proudly announced his possession of a Special Diploma in Sanitary Sciences.
Restored: Chichester, - St Bartholomew (1894 as V-I and Swinburne)
D Verulam
The Countess of Verulam, whose first name is Dione (b1954), is the daughter of R Smith of Balcombe and collaborated with her on the stencilled painting in the church there. The Countess, who is currently Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire, is also a widely exhibited painter.
Painting: Balcombe
A Vidler
Albert Vidler (1828-94) was the son of Major Vidler (see immediately below) and first learned the trade of stonemason under his father. He moved with his father to Pevensey, where he remained for the rest of his life except for the years c1857-63, when he was in business as a photographer in Eastbourne. After his return to Pevensey he worked as an architect and assisted his father as Surveyor of the Levels until he succeeded him in 1880. He resigned the office in 1891 because of ill health and his death occurred two days after his wife.
Designed: Pevensey, font-cover
M Vidler Vidler and Co
Major Vidler (1798/99-1880) (‘Major’ is a Christian name) was born in Battle and was living with his father, Thomas, in Hastings High Street in 1841, described as a builder and stonemason. In the same year he moved to Pevensey, where he was appointed Surveyor of the Levels (KD). He kept the post until his death and was assisted and then succeeded by his son Albert (see immediately above). Several memorial tablets in churches in and near Hastings, dated between 1823 and 1839, given to Major Vidler, are presumably by the same man, though as he is also said to have worked at Battle Abbey (the house) from 1811 to 1818 (Llewellyn p25) there must be some doubt.
Designed: Bexhill, - St Mark, Little Common (1840 - rebuilt)
Memorials: Battle (one as V and Co); Beckley; Hastings, - All Saints; Winchelsea
G Voysey
George Voysey (1807/08-94) is listed in PB 1837 as an owner of property in the parish of St Mary Magdalene, Hastings. He was an architect in St Leonards by 1855 (KD) and also an auctioneer (Melville’s Directory 1858). In 1865-67 his partners were A W Jeffery and W Skiller and they designed mostly domestic buildings and offices. Jeffery and Skiller were alone in 1868, but Voysey was again a partner in 1871 (KD); in 1881 he was retired.
Designed: Hastings, - St Matthew (1860-61 – mission church)
L Vulliamy
Lewis Vulliamy (1791-1871) was the son of a clockmaker of Swiss origin and was born in Westminster. He was a pupil of Sir R Smirke and also studied at the RA Schools. He started his own practice as early as 1814, but travelled for four years from 1818 on the continent and as far as Asia Minor. He quickly built up a busy practice after his return and was known especially for his country houses, which were in a variety of styles. By contrast, most of the considerable number of churches he designed were gothic, though they were untouched by the precepts of the Ecclesiologists and he designed mostly houses and public buildings after about 1850. He continued his practice until his death, when he was living in Clapham.
Lit: BAL Biog file; DNB
Designed: Stonegate (1838 – largely replaced)
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